Despite its growing popularity, TRT remains a debated topic because of uncertain benefits and potential health risks. Years ago, research suggested a possible association between TRT and increased cardiovascular disease risk, raising safety concerns.
Dr. Frances Hayes, from Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital, points out the limitations in some studies.
“For instance, in one study, TRT doses were much higher than what would usually be prescribed, and the subjects tended to be more frail, with other health problems,” she says. “Other studies showed no evidence of increased risk.”
The study revealed that healthy men who underwent TRT did not have a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, or death.
Further findings from the August 2015 Mayo Clinic Proceedings revealed no connection between TRT and venous blood clots among 30,000 men. “Right now, the jury is still out about TRT’s influence on cardiovascular disease,” says Dr. Hayes.
Furthermore, the December 2015 Journal of Urology study found that exposure to TRT over a five-year duration did not increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to fully understand the implications of TRT on prostate health.
Despite the limited follow-up in numerous studies, the long-term risks of TRT remain elusive. Nevertheless, it’s important not to dismiss TRT entirely. It might be a viable choice for certain men.
Evaluating testosterone levels commonly involves a standard blood test. Given their susceptibility to daily fluctuations and influences from medication and diet, multiple tests are necessary. Dr. Hayes highlights, “In roughly 30% of cases with an initial low testosterone test result, subsequent tests demonstrate normal levels.”
Even in the presence of low testosterone levels and multiple symptoms, immediate testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) isn’t always recommended. Dr. Hayes advises, “Identifying the root cause of declining levels allows us to address it and naturally increase low levels.”
Take weight gain, for instance, which is often the leading factor behind declining levels. “Weight has a more substantial effect on testosterone levels than aging. As weight increases, testosterone levels decrease,” she explains. A five-point increase on the body mass index (BMI) scale, such as moving from 30 to 35, is comparable to adding 10 years to your age regarding testosterone levels.
“Your doctor should also examine any other factors that might influence levels, such as medication or medical conditions,” suggests Dr. Hayes. In these situations, your doctor may address the underlying issue or modify your medication or dosage to prevent affecting testosterone levels.
Men also need to understand the boundaries of TRT, as it’s often seen as a panacea. “Its impact is typically not as dramatic as men imagine,” Dr. Hayes states.
Consider sexual health and vitality, for instance, often praised advantages of TRT. In a study detailed in the Feb. 18, 2016 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine, researchers assessed TRT’s effects on 790 men aged 65 and above. Those subjected to TRT for one year, compared to those given a placebo, reported improvements in sexual function, encompassing activity, desire, and erectile function. However, the group experienced only a slight mood uplift and observed no changes in walking speed, a marker of TRT’s effect on vitality.
Both methods offer unique perks. Gels result in consistent levels of testosterone. “But it’s crucial to avoid close skin contact for a few hours, particularly with women, since testosterone can cause acne or hair growth,” notes Dr. Hayes.
With injections, testosterone levels rise to high levels for a few days before slowly coming down, resulting in a roller-coaster effect where mood and energy levels spike and then diminish.
Within four to six weeks, most men in Carmel start to feel better, although muscle mass increases can take three to six months.
TRT isn’t always a lifelong necessity. “If the issue that led to your low testosterone levels resolves, you should have a trial off the treatment and get re-evaluated by your doctor,” says Dr. Hayes.
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